The Endocrine System And Metabolism

An informative article on: The Endocrine System And Metabolism.

The endocrine system is made up of several glands, each of which produces different hormones that have various regulatory effects on the body. The hormones all act on several cells, tissues and organs often referred to as the targets to bring about their effects. In essence these hormones are secreted directly into the blood which then transports them to their targets. As such, the endocrine system is also known as the ductless hormonal system since it does not require ducts for the transmission of its secretions like the exocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for several functions but of particular importance is the role of the endocrine system and metabolism in the body.

The Endocrine System and Metabolism

Metabolism basically refers to the chemical activities that take place in the body which are essential for life. These activities or processes are responsible for the different functions that living organisms are able to carry out, some of which include growth and development. The endocrine system plays a vital role in the metabolism of the body via several endocrine glands that are responsible for the secretion of endocrine hormones. Of particular importance in the function of the endocrine system and metabolism of the body are two organs: the thyroid and the pancreas.

Thyroid Gland and Cellular Metabolism

The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in man. It is found in the neck region located beneath the thyroid cartilage which is also known as the Adams apple. The thyroid gland is comprised of two lobes which are connected by the isthmus, a small stalk. The role of the thyroid gland in the metabolism of the body is due chiefly to the effects of two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. These hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). A third hormone, Calcitonin, takes part in the regulation of calcium in the body.

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. The follicular cells of the thyroid are responsible for the secretion of thyroxine and its counterpart, triiodothyronine. The two hormones are synthesized in the thyroid by combining iodine with tyrosine and are secreted into the blood as a plasma globulin complex. They are also responsible for the proper utilization of energy, regulation of body growth, metabolic rate and development of bones and skeletal muscles.

Pancreas and Cellular metabolism

The pancreas is another important component of the endocrine system and metabolism of the body. This is due to the synthesis of two important endocrine hormones: insulin and glucagon. Insulin is vital to energy regulation and glucose metabolism in the body. Insulin stimulates cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Glucagon on the other hand raises blood glucose levels. The pancreas releases glucagon when blood glucose levels fall too low.